To achieve the necessary cohesive and holding strength for a PSA, the polymer (after esterification) should have a Mw>400kg/mol25,36. Most consumer PSA-based products are found in either quadrant 3 or the central region (e.g., office tape, sticky notes, bandages, and removable labels), which is signified by low-to-medium G and G. Second, we used deaths from all causes by age, sex, cause of death and state of residence provided by the Mortality Information System from the Ministry of Health for 2019 (n=1,345,543) and 2020 (n=1,541,556). However, this process utilizes expensive solvents (dimethylsulfoxide or dimethylformamide) and stoichiometric quantities of base (tetramethylguanidine), both of which would likely be too costly for large-scale recycling of waste superabsorbent materials. Codice fiscale e Partita Iva 10125211002 . 32, 290299 (2016). ^c2/rML[,[gs] Pocious, A. V. Adhesion and Adhesives Technology, 3rd ed. B 121, 36263635 (2017). As a consequence, there is an intrinsic, limiting molar mass for each polymer below which further chain scissions are unlikely to occur. PubMed Central CAS We made the assumption of proportionality between forces of decrement from cause i (or all causes except i) and the force of decrement from all other causes combined8,45. Although durability and strength are advantages of synthetic polymers, these properties are also responsible for their environmental persistence4,5,6. <>/Metadata 190 0 R/ViewerPreferences 191 0 R>> Process for Producing Acrylic Acid. An estimated 6.3 billion metric tons of post-consumer polymer waste has been produced, with the majority (79%) in landfills or the environment. Reaction conditions and yields for acid-catalyzed esterification of poly(acrylic acid), acetic acid, and undecanoic acid. 1b and Supplementary Table 2)5. Diabetes Res. In summary, the death toll of COVID-19 in Brazil has been catastrophic. & Bowe, B. High-dimensional characterization of post-acute sequelae of COVID-19. J. Appl. A. sub-programme "Circular economy and quality of life". For e65, the decline in 2021 was estimated at 1.05 years for both sexes (Fig. Lancet Glob. endobj Lancet 394, 345356 (2019). Nuzzo, J. Sonochem. https://virological.org/t/first-reported-cases-of-sars-cov-2-sub-lineage-b-1-617-2-in-brazil-an-outbreak-in-a-ship-and-alert-for-spread/706 (2021). For 2019 and 2020, our estimates include deaths from all causes registered in the Mortality Information System. Created a powerful network of specialist vendors Key qualities and experiences: Project delivery of complicated, multi stream, long-term projects from inception to BAU Business process optimization. ]}JazX HuEYW0l n5!R?VF|-ww!OHq3G,a@n:X%~m=}WW[ll_oq Stab. <> Chem. Microwave-assisted hydrothermal decomposition of super absorbent polymers. Most of their feedstocks come from nonrenewable resources3. If you find something abusive or that does not comply with our terms or guidelines please flag it as inappropriate. It is also the case that the difference in life expectancy between 2019 and 2020 could encompass secular changes unrelated to the pandemic. Raber, D. J. et al. Informao Demogrfica e Socioeconmica. We used death rates from all causes (including COVID-19) to calculate single-decrement life tables in 2019 and 2020. 7 April 2022 - Full Proposal. et al. The materials, equipment, synthetic methods, as well as all processed data generated in this study are provided in the Supplementary Information file. ANDS is a $120M federally funded national infrastructure innovation project to exploit Australia's research data advantage. 79, 22302244 (2001). Woolf, S. H., Chapman, D. A., Sabo, R. T., Weinberger, D. M. & Hill, L. Excess deaths from COVID-19 and other causes, MarchApril 2020. Nat Med 27, 16291635 (2021). LIFE-2021-SAP-NAT-GOV - Nature Governance LIFE-2021-CET-LOCAL - Technical support to clean energy transition plans and strategies in municipalities and regions LIFE-2021-CET-PDA - Disruptive PDA - Technical Assistance to advance market boundaries for sustainable energy investments More specifically, we compared four different cradle-to-product LCA scenarios: poly(2-ethylhexylacrylate) production in the conventional industrial approach and three variations of the recycling process: (i) sonicating the 2.5% w/v polymer solution for 1min, (ii) sonicating the 5.0% w/v polymer solution for 2min, and (iii) no sonication of the 5% w/v polymer solution. https://www.ellenmacarthurfoundation.org/publications/the-new-plastics-economy-rethinking-the-future-of-plastics-catalysing-action (2017). 28, 434439 (2003). <> Death rates from non-COVID-19 causes in 2020 likely changed between 2019 and 2020, decreasing for some causes (for example, from reduced exposure to other infections) and increasing in others (for example, from delayed or foregone healthcare or overburdening of the healthcare system). https://portal.fiocruz.br/sites/portal.fiocruz.br/files/documentos/boletim_covid_2021_extraordinario_maio.pdf (2021). Nmero 30 116 (Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e EstatsticaIBGE, Diretoria de Pesquisas, Coordenao de Populao e Indicadores Sociais, 2013). 2 0 obj In this work, we report a mild and efficient synthetic route for open-loop recycling the acrylic-based superabsorbent material used in diapers. The change in the Helmholtz free energy of esterification for these two steps (A) was found to be 0.70.1kcal/mol. SEARCH OTHER FUNDING OPPORTUNITIES OR REGISTER TO ACCESS ALL THE INFORMATION AND R&D PROJECTS OPPORTUNITIES IN YOUR AREAS OF INTEREST, Proposals under this topic must address EU Nature and Biodiversity legislation compliance assurance and access to justice by:- establishing new or, where in place, enhancing existing cross-border, national or regional networks of compliance assurance practitioners or experts; and/or establishing or, where in place, improving professional qualifications and training to improve compliance with binding EU legal instruments on nature and biodiversity, through promoting, checking and enforcing compliance, or- applying the polluter pays principle, using a mix of administrative law, criminal law and environmental [], What is 2U19AI089681-08). From April to December 2020, an emergency basic income program mitigated the challenges imposed by the pandemic37 (for example, unemployment), but this benefit ended in December 2020. These records, aggregated at the state level, are publicly available by date on the website (https://brasil.io/covid19/). 1 0 obj Publishers note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. U.S. Patent Application 2021/0054161 A1 (February 25, 2021). and C.M.T. Given a growing emphasis on sustainability within the polymer industry, including calls to increase the circularity of polymer production12, this LCA provides an important metric for evaluating approaches to polymer recycling. Fornof, A. R. et al. Vaupel, J. W., Villavicencio, F. & Bergeron-Boucher, M.-P. Demographic perspectives on the rise of longevity. d, Number of COVID-19 deaths in 2020 per 100,000 people by state (Methods). )x"VzdHd&Ffb7kR KK i$M{;* af082!yvy!U"D)|Nei^*|C$Q,Ss$e*jX^/17E`i{dTS7EphB/jd- . Applicants wishing to apply for more than one topic, must submit a separate proposal under each topic. Globally, there have been significant efforts towards recycling the components of diapers28. Brasil, Grandes Regies e Unidades da Federao 2010. in Estudos e Pesquisas. Among the states, Amazonas, Rondnia, Roraima and Mato Grosso had the largest declines in e0 in both 2020 and 2021 (Fig. While catalytic depolymerization methods20 can, in principle, proceed without side-chain degradation, they have not yet been demonstrated for commercial sources of polyacrylic acid. LIFE 2021 - 2027 Webinar & Shamanin, V. V. Chain degradation under low-intensity sonication of polymer solutions in the presence of filler: Mechanism of ultrasonic degradation of flexible chain macromolecules. M.C.C., S.G.K. LIFE-2021-SAP-NAT-GOV Nature Governance Standard Action Projects (SAPs) Strategic Nature Projects (SNAPs) SNAPs: (1)target the implementation of the Prioritised Action Frameworks (PAF) other plans or strategies adopted at international, national, regional or multiregional level by nature Following multiple decrement life table methods previously used to measure the effect of COVID-19 on life expectancy8,16,17, we calculated two additional sets of estimates of life expectancy decline: (1) the difference between 2020 life expectancy estimated above and a scenario in which COVID-19 mortality has been eliminated from 2020 (DT20; Supplementary Tables 3 and 4 and Methods); and (2) the difference between 2019 life expectancy estimated from 2019 death records and a scenario in which 2019 all-cause mortality has been inflated to include COVID-19 mortality (DT19; Supplementary Tables 5 and 6 and Methods). Previous studies used this approach to estimate life tables in the presence of COVID-19 (refs. Philos. This value suggests that the increase in polymer hydrophobicity provides a significant thermodynamic driving force towards further esterification, perhaps counteracting the buildup of water that was otherwise expected to limit conversion. The resulting acidic polymer solutions were used directly in the subsequent experiments without any isolation steps. The potential of superabsorbent polymers from diaper wastes to enhance water retention properties of the soil. P.T.C. 7 years of experience in SAP GL-MDM, SAP MDG and SAP ECC (Cost Center, Profit Center & General Ledger). 88, 5670 (2019). Preprint at medRxiv https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.03.02.21252772 (2021). Chem. X.iieS(,& https://www.fatersmart.com/ - (Accessed May 1, 2021). Rochman, C. M. Microplastics research-from sink to source. Responsible for the full life-cycle of the first infotainment system in the market, AutoPC built with Microsoft. CAS La Commissione europea ha pubblicato i primi bandi del programma LIFE 2021-2027 per l' ambiente, il clima e l' energia . PubMedGoogle Scholar. For decades, mechanical recycling has been used to recover some value from waste polymers, although recycling rates are low2 and the material quality is often reduced. Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, P. Takunda Chazovachii,Michael T. Robo,E. Neil G. Marsh,Paul M. Zimmerman&Anne J. McNeil, School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, Materials Science InnovationCorporate R&D, The Procter & Gamble Co., West Chester, OH, USA, Macromolecular Science and Engineering Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, You can also search for this author in When acetic acid was reacted with 2-ethylhexanol/water, we observed a 94% conversion. Il 13 luglio stato aperto il primo invito a presentare proposte nell'ambito del nuovo programma LIFE 2021-202 7, che comprende quattro sottoprogrammi: natura e biodiversit, economia circolare e qualit della vita, Rocha, R. et al. Slider with three articles shown per slide. This approach was inspired by the similar structures of sodium polyacrylate (superabsorbent polymer) and the polyacrylates (pressure-sensitive adhesives) used in tapes, bandages, and sticky notes, among others23. 39, 2737 (2020). Missed childhood immunizations during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil: analyses of routine statistics and of a national household survey. It was here that Sam, my husband, turned to me and said, 'This could . Through a multidisciplinary approach, the project intends to improve the conservation status of Caretta caretta, thanks to the establishment of an international network, through the use of the best shared techniques and the use of a monitoring system. Sci. {o"yQr8"2ioFq[V Everyone involved in adoptionbirthparents, adoptive parents, adoptees, adoption professionals, and beyonddeserves support when they need it. Because these data are not available by age and sex, we used de-identified publicly available data on severe acute respiratory illness (SARI) hospitalizations from the Influenza Epidemiological Surveillance Information System (Sistema de Informao de Vigilncia Epidemiolgica da Gripe, or SIVEP-Gripe, in Portuguese). We assumed that those dying in a given month from any cause contributed, on average, 0.5/12 person-years, whereas the contribution of survivors was 1/12 person-years. As many countries speed up vaccination coverage and witness declines in cases and deaths, Brazil lags behind. quizlet cosmetology. A summary of findings and implications of these estimates is shown in Table 1. % Experimentally, a plateau is observed in the plot of weight-average molar mass (Mw) versus sonication time. For example, the 1918 influenza pandemic was estimated to have reduced e0 in the United States by 712 years7. Rede PENSSAN. 3, e1700782 (2017). US Patent 9,321,868 B2 (April 26, 2016). We show that life expectancy in the presence of COVID-19 is equivalent to levels observed in Brazil as far back as 20 or more years in some states. Biochem. When intense shocks like a pandemic or war occur, life expectancy drops, but it often rebounds quickly. Chubarova, E. V., Melenevskaya, E. Y. are supported by the National Institutes of Health (grant no. endobj Among males, two states, Amazonas and Par, both in the North region, lost all that was gained over 2 decades (Fig. The G at each frequency describes an adhesives ability to dissipate energy. Our mission was, and remains, to change the way energy is made and used in. Manaus, the capital of Amazonas, observed a very high attack rate after the first wave of the pandemic in 2020 (ref. defined the methodology. e65 declined by a larger percentage for males than females in all states, reflecting mens higher risks of dying from COVID-19 (ref. Here, chemical transformations are used to convert waste polymers into other value-added materials, delaying their entry into the waste stream. 19, 36923706 (2017). Due to these challenges, the focus has been on re-use of recovered materials, rather than recycling; for example, the recovered superabsorbent polymers have been explored for enhancing the water retention properties of soil21,22. U.S. Patent 9,447,309 B2. Nature Governance ). Arena, U., Ardolino, F. & Gregorio, F. D. Technological, environmental and social aspects of a recycling process of post-consumer absorbent hygiene products. SAP GUI Scripting Security Guide. The acid-catalyzed hydrolysis outperformed the base-mediated hydrolysis by a factor of 10 on both global warming potential and cumulative energy demand. Picture: Matt Roberts/Getty Images. The new plastics economy: rethinking the future of plastics & catalyzing action. NTO s.15: Managers have full power to dispose of or deal with the land as . (Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co, Weinheim, 2020). GetScriptingEngine End If If Not IsObject (connection) Then Set connection = application. Commission has launched on 17 May 2022 the LIFE Programme Calls for proposals. Nature 594, 259264 (2021). xUmo@G9*R*S[u#>RejBG4aSgcwy2+`p3CJ)i 1 0 obj Google Scholar. The aim of the project is the conservation of Caretta caretta, in the western Mediterranean basin, from threats related to human disturbance in the nesting sites. a, Estimated change in life expectancy at birth in 2020 based on the difference from life tables calculated for 2019 and 2020 by state and sex. In the first 4 months of 2021, COVID-19 deaths represented 107% of the total 2020 figures. Next, we estimated total 2021 deaths, including COVID-19 confirmed deaths (\({\,}_nD_x^{COV}\)), reported by Brasil.io. Li, Q. et al. Protection and Research, The Kick-off meeting of the LIFE-2021-SAP-NAT-NATURE TURTLENEST project will be held on January 20 in Rome, at the Legambiente headquarters. April 2021 was the deadliest month since the pandemic began: nine capital cities reported more deaths than births, and, by 25 April, the number of COVID-19 deaths in 2021 surpassed that reported in 2020. The crosslinks were first hydrolyzed using 0.3M aq. La Commissione europea ha pubblicato i primi bandi del programma LIFE 2021-2027 per l'ambiente, il clima e l'energia. ISSN 1078-8956 (print). Google Scholar. We used three approaches to assess changes in life expectancy due to COVID-19. The synthetic polymer community created these impactful materials, and now, we must turn our attention towards technologies that facilitate their collection and recycling, to create a circular economy that is more sustainable7. Reduction in life expectancy in Brazil after COVID-19. Also, the states with extreme values changed only for e65 for both sexes, with the lowest shifting from Roraima in 2019 to Amazonas in 2020. Popul. Rev. Several provisional patent and patent applications have been filed based on this work. The main results presented in the text are based on differences between the 2019 and 2020 life tables, for two primary reasons. Cancer diagnosis in Brazil in the COVID-19 era. The resulting chain-shortened PAAP&G fragments were then dialyzed to remove excess acid, lyophilized, and then ground into a powder. The Guardian. We approximated the population at risk in 2021 by interpolating IBGE population projections to the mid-analysis period (1 March 2021). Article To date, most diaper recycling efforts14 have focused on the cellulosic components, which can be biodegraded, incinerated to generate steam, pyrolyzed, or fermented to generate bioethanol15. In addition, D.I.C. Publishers note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. 4a). Res. Anjeza Beharaj, Ethan Z. McCaslin, Mark W. Grinstaff, Aya Samir, Fatma H. Ashour, Mohamed Bassyouni, Amar K. Mohanty, Feng Wu, Manjusri Misra, Hom N. Sharma, Jeremy M. Lenhardt, Long N. Dinh, Ephraim G. Morado, Mara L. Paterson, Steven C. Zimmerman, Anna M. Duraj-Thatte, Avinash Manjula-Basavanna, Neel S. Joshi, Ainara Sangroniz, Jian-Bo Zhu, Haritz Sardon, Nature Communications Numbers above 100 indicate more deaths in 2021 than 2020. a, Ratio of COVID-19 deaths reported in 2021 (JanuaryApril) to those reported in 2020 (%). Stab. and C.M.T. USA 118, e2019536118 (2021). 6, 35893595 (2018). Life cycle assessments (LCA) were performed to assess the cumulative energetic and environmental impacts of producing 1kg of adhesive via our open-loop recycling method. In January 2021, Manaus witnessed one of the most tragic scenarios of overwhelmed hospital capacity, running out of not only hospital beds but also oxygen22. Prod. An accomplished and highly motivated senior ABAP Developer. - Experienced in end-to-end order management process using SAP <br>- More than fourteen (14) years of experience on data analysis, which provides strategic and tactical support to Real Estate documents from various counties in the United States<br>- Self-motivated, results-oriented, and able to work with minimal supervision<br>- Possess proven problem solving abilities and very strong . For example, upon heating, polyacrylic acid is known to undergo dehydration and decarboxylation in bulk17 and solution18, respectively.